Has Globalisation Affected Employment Education And Culture Commerce Essay

Has Globalisation Affected Employment Education And Culture Commerce Essay Globalization is the procedure of rapid incorporation of different countries that is occurring in the process of better foreign trade and foreign investment. Globalization has certainly minimized the distance between different countries and has turned the entire world into one single market place. Due to globalization the government of several nations have eased up the trade and sanctioned additional flexibility in their trade procedure to offer equal opportunities to MNCs in their domestic market. The Indian government also had to do the same due to the pressure from the WTO (World Trade Organisation). As a result of this, the Indian market got numerous opportunities and was also introduced to many new technologies and new foreign products. Also the Indian resources were made available to other countries. India being a developing country it was inexpensive for the MNCs to set up in the Indian market. The Indian economy did benefit enormously due to the introduction of these multinat ionals in the Indian market which in turn led to increase in the literacy rate and better educational opportunities for the Indian youth. This was because the new companies were demanding for the high-quality skilled workers. The introduction of the MNCs also affected the Indian corporate as well as the social culture. Globalization affected Indian system start from the basic facilities in both positive and negative manner. Government has initiated quite a few developmental programs for encouraging the living standard of people. Further we will discuss the effects of globalisation on the education system, employment and culture of India. Introduction Globalization is the most popular word nowadays. It has different meaning depending on the context and the situation. Globalization has been defined differently by different people. Guy Brain bant: says that the process of globalisation not only includes opening up of world trade, development of advanced means of communication, internationalisation of financial markets, growing importance of MNCs, population migrations and more generally increased mobility of persons, goods, capital, data and ideas but also infections, diseases and pollution. Globalization can be defined as the process which involves exchange of political, economical and social system through technological advancement. It has undoubtedly converted the whole world into one solitary marketplace which in turn has resulted in global interconnectedness. Globalisation has increased the business across different countries. Geographical distance is no longer a barrier for the international trading with the existence of World Wide Web (WWW in simple words Internet). People have benefited a lot from these agreements. The international business agreements not only makes the various resources available internationally but also have improved the social relationships between the countries. This has also given an exposure of across culture to the whole world, which is today a very important aspect in international business. Globalization is the key factor of any developing country which will help increasing the growth in economy and income per capita resulting in bette r standard of living. As mentioned above globalisation has affected the whole world in nearly every aspect of life. India is no exception; it has been incredibly affected by Globalization in different ways. Globalisation introduced the whole world to the new era of computers and advancement in technologies. It has affected the cultural phase of people diversely. Many of the countries have welcomed the new broadminded thoughts of culture influenced by globalisation. It has led to an increase in exchange of ideas such as music, religion, food and traditions of every culture. Even the younger generation have been affected by the new educational system. It has amplified the spread of the trendy culture from the developed nations throughout the world. Many of the developing countries have been overflowing with the goods from Northern developed countries. For example, we can find huge banners of cold drink advertisements in the areas where there is hard to find drinking water. As a result people had to manipula te their life style according to the new era. This essay further will explore the concept of globalization and its effects on education, employment and culture with specific reference to India. History of Globalization During the Pre-World War I period of 1870 to 1914, the chronological process of globalization with outgoing tide and surge has rapid incorporation of import and export flow, movement of capital and relocation of people. The two forces of hi-tech: transportation and communication are the main reasons for the growth of globalization as there is less restriction to flow of trade and across the geological borders. No passports and visa were required and also there were very few taxes on import and export and limits to fund flows. The speed of globalization has also lost its pace between the first and second world war. The formation of different wall to limit the free movement of trade was observed during the inter-war period and most of the countries considered that they could boom with this protective wall. All the countries determine after the World War II, that not to do again the mistakes by going for remoteness. The drive to increase the incorporation was increased after 1945, however it took long t reach the same level as Pre-World War I. US was able to reach the same level of Pre-World War only Even though after 1945, there was a force to increased incorporation, and it took a long time to reach the Pre-World War I level. Only around 1970, percentage of import and export to the total output of US reached the level of Pre-World War I. Import surrogate Industrialization system was practises by most of the Independent developing countries in the Post World War II and also the Soviet countries were protected from practice of international economic incorporation. Conversely times have changed, with the dynamic progress in the globalization practices; the soviet bloc countries are also getting built-in with the international market. To a greater extent nations are heading towards becoming conversant with policy of growth. However, according to studies, trade and capital markets were more globalize in 19th century than today, yet, compare to 19th century there are more apprehensions because of the nature and pace of revolution. In this current scenario its not only the rapid pace that is remarkable but also the various effects of IT on market assimilation, efficacy and industrialisation. Effects of globalization Globalisation has affected a variety of aspects of the world economy both in encouraging and discouraging manner. As rightly said, Every coins has two sides, Globalization also has Positive and negative effects. Globalization has offered higher standards of living to the people all around the world as compared to the pre-globalization period. It has affected almost every aspect of human life. This evolution was not only bringing people together but also it brought vast range of cultures and foreign ideas worldwide. This whole world is now become a huge market with freedom of exchange of goods and capital. This also resulted in increasing level of competition which is one of the most widespread positive effects. International trading and business have given huge amount of opportunities to the people to move around the world getting an exposure of the corporate and traditional cultures worldwide. A lot of multinational companies established their business in developing countries like India which turned out to a boon for these developing countries giving a prospect to the emerging talent of these countries which would have been wasted due to lack of exposure to these opportunities. This has ini tiated implementation of foreign ideas and new technologies from all around the world. Without globalization, it would not have been possible for the whole world to get acquainted with the innovative creations taking place in every part of this huge world. These new inventions would have stayed unknown giving no benefits to any other country except where it was invented. A good illustration is the benefits of Ayurveda and Yoga from India which is today enormously benefiting the people across the world. International travel and tourism has also been improved to a greater extend as compared in the last few decades. Individuals migrating from one country to other as students or skilled workers is also increased to a higher extend, which has in turn increased the demand of international import and export of products and services for the use of local consumers. Due to increasing international trade free trade zones were formed with less or no tariffs. A lot of other associations have bee n introduced to look after the issues like international trade, crime and justice, access to international finance and banking facilities, etc. Many of the non- government organisations have also been introduced to resolve the cross-boundary global environmental concerns like pollution and other climatic changes. Sports is not an exception, there has been an increase in demand for international sports events such as the Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, etc. Thus, Globalization has resulted in a very compact world wherein its just a matter of few clicks to exchange the information or make any kind of transactions irrespective of the geographical distance between the countries and remote locations. Globalisation does have a lot of positives but at the same time it also has negative effects, some of them are listed below. Today many companies from the developed nations have started outsourcing both industrialized and executive jobs to the developing nations like China and India because of cheap set up expenses and low-priced labour. As a result people in these developed countries are losing their jobs and are facing problems to earn their bread and butter due to the diminishing number job opportunities. Sometime back people had job security with a stable and permanent job, but today people are living with a continuous fear of losing their job anytime or reduction in the wages due to such cut throat competition. Even a permanent employee cannot bank on its own company for job security. These kinds of issues result in lower living standard and higher crime rate in the affected areas. Another issue is exploitation of people in prisons and youngsters, who are made to work in ruthless conditions for the production of inexpensive goods without any safety standards and absolutely no botheration about the pol lution regulation. Technical advancements like mobiles, internet etc brought a massive revolution, but at the same time it has increased the threats due to terrorism. Terrorists use these services as their mode of communication and get connected in the remotest of the areas. Also any opponent country can spread any kind of misinformation through the internet services. People are also facing health inconvenience in the remotest area of the globe due to spread of fatal diseases like HIV/AIDS that are being spread by travellers and tourists. Some other negative effects also include the introduction of foreign culture which in turn has affected the local culture of the new generations via internet and televisions. Many of the local companies are getting conquered by the overseas multinationals and losing on their business. Since these multinationals cover the major market, they have also started manipulating the local political decisions. Food industry is not any different, the international fast food chai ns like McDonalds and KFC are taking away the business from the local fast food providers resulting in increasing number of outlets in the developing nations. Due to wide range of fast food availability people consume more and more junk food resulting in adverse health issues. Globalisation benefits are not worldwide because, the rich are getting richer and the poor are becoming poorer. Effect of globalization on education, employment and culture of India. Effects of globalization on Education in India Globalisation brought a rapid growth in the education system of the whole economy worldwide. This process of globalization has affected the education and human potential. Indian education system has also made huge progress in terms of the increasing primary education and expanding the literacy to more than a half of the population. Also there has been a massive progress in the number of education institutions in India after the globalisation period. Globalisation has changed the learning system in the whole world resulting in the development of exchange of ideas, values and knowledge. One of the most influential positive effects of globalization on the young generations of India is the increasing level of higher education system. However, another major development is the increasing level of literacy rate of Indian girls especially. During the pre-globalization period the girls in the Indian culture were not allowed to study or take their career seriously but post-globalisation period is a boon to the Indian women as the literacy rate of the female population has increased tremendously. Globalisation combines economic and cultural change in todays time. On one hand globalisation created the huge market places worldwide that trade internationally, deal with foreign exchange, foreign investments and cross border mobility of production. Whereas on the other hand it still relies on the old communication system, information, knowledge and culture. All these changes implicate the higher education. Research and education are the two essentials to form the global surroundings, being able to discover new facts, learning to maintain international relationships and complex societies. Many of the research universities today are thoroughly linked within and with the metro cities, as these cities have huge number of students enrolled for the higher education. There is sturdy positive connection between the higher education enrolment ratio and the global cut-throat performance. With the increasing economic demand for trained and highly experienced workers the demand of higher education is also on a hike in the many of the developing countries. The re are three factors which are usually suggested as possible candidates. The first is openness to trade and the second is scientific progress and the related organisational change. The third is based on institutional factors such as the existence of unions. Increased openness to trade raises the requirement for expert workers leading to the rise in their wages as compared to the wages of the unskilled works. Globalization has resulted in easy access to any educational facility for the students all over India as well as internationally. The internationalisation of higher education can be correlated to many internal and external changes in the International market, which has in turn increase the demand for more knowledgeable and accomplished workers. The demand is also increased for people who know more than one language and are aware of the transnational ethnicity and business methods. This gives a chance to the people to gain knowledge from one country and spread it to their home country for its betterment. Education is becoming more precious to individuals as it offers enhanced employment opportunities, which in turn leads to an improved lifestyle, power and status. With the launch of MNCs came along the era of BPOs and KPOs. In the last few years the there has been an incredible development of call centres in India leading to considerable development in the socio-economic and culture o f the Indian society. Outsourcing industry have impacted the Indian youth in every aspect ranging from their lifestyle, personality, career, attitude, gender, and language to their whole identity. The younger generation becomes financially independent due to the excellent incentives and perks offered by the call centre industry. This has helped in mounting the confidence level of the youth and also helps them to take up the responsibility of their families. Some of the call centres like Wipro Spectramind have their tie- up with BITS Pilani and the Symbiosis Institute of Management to provide the distance learning programs for the employees, which is an excellent learning opportunity for the employees. Also some of the companies like ICICI OneSource promises scholarships to the call centre agents who get enrolled in this distance learning programs. With so many advantages this industry also has a few disadvantages. Since the fresh graduates get an opportunity to start working at a ve ry early age they tend to avoid higher studies after a bachelors degree which is the minimum criterion for the call centres positions. This is because they get paid anywhere between Rs 10,000-15,000 exclusive of the extra incentives and the perks, which is a good amount of money to start up the career. This leads to stagnant educational growth of the Indian youth. These were some of the effects of globalization on the Indian education system. Effects of globalization on employment in India Now we will see how globalization affects the employment opportunities in India. Globalization was experienced in India in early 1990s when the open market policy was initiated. Globalisation led to growth in various segments of the market such as Information technology, health care and so on. This led to favourable growth of the Indian economy leading to increasing demand for the good quality workforce. There was increase in the international trade between Indian and other developed nations. This resulted in improved employment opportunities in the country. Due to the effective impact on the Indian economy there has been an improvement in the living standard of the people. Globalization has developed various sectors in India leading to an increase in the employment opportunities for the people. The service industries are doing well with a share of around 54% of the yearly Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which shows that the service industries are doing very well in the market. There h as been a range of advantageous effects of globalization in Indian Industry. The increase in the international trade brought in enormous amount of foreign investments which boosted the Indian economy to a very great extends. Many multinational companies set up their businesses in the Indian market especially in the industries like BPO, pharmaceutical, petroleum, and manufacturing industries resulting in the increased number of employment opportunities for many people in the country. This decreased the level of unemployment and poverty in the country. The establishment of these foreign companies introduced highly advanced technology which resulted in technically advanced Indian industry. On the other hand this highly advanced Indian market result in an aggressive competition between the domestic and the foreign companies. The domestic companies in the industries like pharmaceutical, chemical, manufacturing, and cement suffered huge losses as the consumers preferred to opt for the for eign products. Many labour class people in these industries lost their jobs due to the losses suffered by their employers. The Indian industry has faced both positive and negative effects as a result of globalization. So the Indian government should now compose such economics polices that are beneficial to the Indian economy. Effect of Globalization on Indian culture Before addressing the effects of globalization on culture, it is important to mention that culture is such a wide theory that it challenges portrayal in a compressed form. Various Characteristics of a society is covered in detail to list comprehensively by culture. Even though we have reasonable knowledge about what culture is. Culture is something that forms our individuality and has a lasting impression on our perception. Different individual have defined culture in different ways. And this is because of the differences in the point of references of the people of culture. Ekhe (1998) defines culture, as construct applied in an endeavour to study and put together procedures and thoughts in broad variety of vicinity of the world. Culture is something that forms our individuality and has a lasting impression on our perception. Every culture is different from each other and so is every human. Culture is like rainbow filled with many colours of cultural mixture. Culture is not something that one can have with birth; it is learned and not hereditary. According to Jekayinfa (2002), Culture consists of the total range of human action which is in a social context passed on from one generation to other. In other words; it is a process of inclusion through conscious teaching or from the social surroundings. Cultural Globalization is the rapid pass through of facts, stance and morals crosswise countrywide precincts, leading interrelation and communication among peoples of different cultures and life style. Each and every kind of dimensions of the culture is taken in to account in the present aspect of imperialist/ industrialist globalization. Globalization of material exchanges implicated in trade and industry relations has been prove by the impact of rising observable fact of labour movement, financial, and product trading, the importance of buying and selling authoritarian contracts, the worldwide splitting up of labour, and bodies such as WTO, IMF and world Bank. Globalization has made possible for the developing countries to connect into T.V Programme, videos, music, news and so forth of the highly developed nations. India being one of them has not only gained economic opportunities from globalization but also acquires new products and technologies. Despite system of government, lack of infrastructure and an uncertain policy outline that has a negatively impact the operations of MNCs in India, MNCs are looking at India with great expectations and are investing huge amount to put up their RD hub in the country. India has gone ahead of other developing countries for Information technology, research development investments and outsourcing. Today, with the rapid advance of globalization throughout the world, more or less impact on social and cultural values can also be observed, India begin one of them is also been effected. The new information and communication technologies that has vastly expanded has also made possible for the poorest people to know different cultural richness. The easy access to cable television and foreign movies has helped to demolish the cultural boundaries. All these technologies have not only changed the perception of the people but also helped people to think beyond their imagination. This has opened employment prospects for women, who are becoming a larger part of the workforce that in turn has put a damper on inequality among the sexes, something that Indian women have been struggling with their entire lives. Globalization has influenced the traditional views towards women so they can take an equal position in Indian society. As compared to earlier old-fashioned idea people have become more due to introduction to other cultures through cable network. Now a days bachelor boy and girl sharing same accommodation and stay away from home have become more common in India. This has had its own social and cultural impact. More availability of cheap and dirty stuff (CDs or DVDs of Hollywood movies, Adult movies, foreign channels) in the name of liberalization has negatively affected the young crowd of India. There has been increase in the violence and also the number of rape cases has increased than before. Globalization has made possible for people to achieve better awareness and understanding of diverse fashion trial, life style, things in a foreign country and at home. Not only Multiplex theatres have become known but also restaurant like McDonalds, KFC, and other fast food has well like by the people. However it has not replaced the Indian traditional food like Parathas and other road side fast food. With Scie ntific advancement and hi-tech improvement life in urban and rural area have become reasonably relaxing, speedy and pleasant. Some years back in India even land-line was a status icon whereas, now each every person has a mobile in hand, listening to music or talking. As per the certain previous incidents it is become evident that if a particular countries culture is outlined over a long historical time period, it can suppress over a period of time. But the Indian culture has proved to be strong enough to hold back its vital Indian personality with exceptional stability, despite of the several overseas attacks and a huge growth in population.

Tourist Motivations to Visit Bali

Tourist Motivations to Visit Bali 2.2 Results and Discussions This section presents the results and discussions of the study, which consists of the results of descriptive data from qualitative approach. It also presents the discussions based on the research findings and relates them with possible reasons based on the secondary data or literature review. The findings are based on data sources from qualitative data conducted by the researcher. The purpose of this section is to answer the objectives of the study, which is to determine the tourist perception towards cultural events in Bali and to explore the motivation of people visiting Bali, especially for its culture. 2.2.1 Level of Interest Level of interest of tourist can be determined as one of the factor that influencing people to choose the particular destination. According to the Rapaports (1975) theory about factor that influencing the customer behaviors which can motivate them to go to the destination. It elaborated through this following topic. 2.2.1.1 Sources about Bali From the in-depth interviews informants conducted, all the informants have ever heard about Bali before. Based on how informants get to know Bali, there are several sources. Most of the informants know Bali from word of mouth from informant’s family and friends. On the other hand, for Indonesian respondent, they know Bali since they were attend school. Beside that, the remaining publicity is from media, like television, books, magazines, brochures; as well as through internet, include travel website. For example informants mentioned that their relatives’ experiences and stories about Bali is one of the reasons that make the respondents go to Bali, below are the statements of informants: â€Å"†¦I will go there. Because my friend told me that the place is nice and the culture is very unique† (French informant/A.4) â€Å"†¦I heard it from my parents, because my parents had their honeymoon there, and they said it was really beautiful island† (Singaporean informant/A.10) 2.2.1.2 Attending Balinese Cultural Event Tourists; who never been and have been to Bali before; indicated that five informants have high interest in attending cultural events in Bali, otherwise there is three informants said that they might be interested in attending cultural events. And the remaining two informants do not have interest in attending cultural events. According to Morgan (1996), the respondent answers of ‘maybe’ could be a huge potential if these respondents can be converted to ‘interested’ respondents. In Morgan’s model for decision making, it categorized into 5 main steps, such as: Problem recognition (don’t know market) Information search (maybe market) Evaluation of alternatives Choice of purchase Evaluation of post-purchase experience As for the maybe market, marketers can use advertisements to create the need for attending the cultural events by sending mails or using media like distributing materials that have information on the cultural events to create their awareness. Findings from interviews by looking at their age group of traveler indicated that most of the traveler that interested in Balinese cultural events is older traveler, whereas four informants said that attending cultural events is one of their purposes of traveling to Bali and the remaining informantsaid not really interest to attend cultural events. One of the informants thought that people who attended the cultural events will have a better understanding about the Balinese tradition, which can see his/her statements below: â€Å"†¦as I told you before I want to learn more about their Balinese tradition through their cultural events† (Indonesian informant/B.6) Other respondents thought that differences of cultural events between their country of origin and Bali makes them interested to attend the cultural event in Bali. â€Å"†¦I’m quite interested with Balinese culture event, because their event is very different with our Japanese cultural events†. (Japanese informant/B.7) Meanwhile for younger traveler; only one respondent interested in Balinese cultural events. Another one informant said that he/she will not attend the cultural events in Bali because he/she does not have any interest in culture. The remaining three informants stated that attending cultural events in Bali is not a main purpose but they might decide to attend when they are in Bali. One of respondent of young traveler stated that she might attend the cultural event because she curious about it. â€Å"†¦but I’m just a bit curious for their cultural dances. So maybe I’ll attend there. (Singaporean informant/A.10) Based on the type of cultural events which respondents have the intention to attend, it indicated that six informants show high interest in their intention to attend a cultural festival rather than cultural dances. They mentioned their interest in cultural festival, such as Nyepi, Ngaben, Temple Festival, and Tooth Filling. Most of them interested to attend the Nyepi festival. For example, some informants describe Nyepi festival as seen below: â€Å"†¦ I heard that during Nyepi, everyone have to stay in their house and doing nothing, only pray to their god. My friend said that Bali is like a death island while Nyepi†. (Malaysian informant/B.3) â€Å"†¦ I heard that it only happens once a year. It is a day that whole of Bali Island remains silent.† (Malaysian informant/A.5) â€Å"†¦As a visitor in Bali, we have to stay at their hotel, because the community asked the visitor who stays in Bali should be obey with the rule of their tradition. No one will be hanging around and there is no activity during Nyepi.† (Indonesian informant/B.6) The other four informants refer to attend cultural dances rather than cultural festival. All of them interested to attend the famous â€Å"Kecak† dance. One of them describe Kecak dance as seen below: â€Å"†¦ the famous Monkey dance which as I know also known as Kecak dance.† (French informant/A.4) 2.2.1.3 Sources about Balinese Cultural Event In terms of the sources on how the informants know about cultural event in Bali, it indicated that most of the informants said that they ever heard about Balinese cultural event from school or college. They said that they have been learned it before. The statements regarding with sources as seen below: â€Å"†¦From school, I knew it from my geography teacher.† (Indonesian informant/A.8) â€Å"†¦I heard from my lecture.† (Malaysian informant/A.5) Beside that, the others also mentioned on how they know about cultural event in Bali such as the recommendations from friends, as well as a print publications like magazines, brochure, and travel books. As for the international tourists, internet and travel agents are the common sources on how they discover about the Balinese cultural events. Discussion: According to Picard (1996), Bali is one of the primary destinations in Indonesia, and well-known as an international destination, whereby most of the respondents said that they ever heard about Bali before. Even some of them do not really know about Balinese culture, but they still recognize Bali as one of the famous tourist attraction in the world. Regarding on how the informants know about Bali, it indicated that word of mouth from friends and family’s references is one of the source as well as influence them to travel to Bali. Based on the Rapaports (1975) and Morgan (1996) theory of social influences on customer behavior, reference group is the most influencing way on how they discover about the destination. Family and friends are called ‘primary reference group’ which is a group who influence the behavior to whom they come into close contact; by sharing their experiences about the destination. Most of them reveal that they want to go Bali because of good experiences from their relatives. Tourism is become the largest economy’s industry in Bali, especially its cultural tourism. A Balinese cultural event is one of major tourist activities as well as a tourist attraction. Therefore most of the informants; both tourists who never been and have been to Bali before; have a high interest in attending the cultural events in Bali. By looking at their age group categories, research findings indicated that older traveler is more interested to attend the cultural events rather than the younger traveler. Younger travelers might decide to attend, but attending the cultural event is not their purpose to go to Bali. On the other hand, older travelers reveal that attending cultural event is one of their main purposes to visit Bali. Firstly, there is a cultural arts-core for a tourist who has interest in culture and seen cultural event as primary element and attends the cultural event is a main purpose. Some of the older traveler categories into this level of interest in attend the cultural event. Secondly, cultural arts-incidental is for a tourist who seen a cultural event less important than other attraction but could be either attraction or an amenity, and attend the cultural event is their secondary purpose. Most of the older traveler is under this category, where they points out that attending cultural events is one of their purpose but not their main purpose. Cultural arts-accidental is for a tourist who view cultural events may not be an attraction but an amenity, but they might be interest in attending a cultural event. Most of the younger traveler is under this category. They might be interested in cultural event, but attending the cultural events is not their purpose. Lastly, Non-cultural art is for a tourist who not interested in culture, they also do not seen cultural events as an attraction or amenity, attending cultural events is not their purpose and they will not attend it. One respondent of younger traveler is under this category, where he/she revealed that he/she does not have interested in any cultural event. Based on the type of cultural events that the respondents have intention to attend, most of them intend in attending cultural festival rather than cultural dances, with Nyepi festival as their preferable festival that they want to attend. According to Ida Bagus Rata (2004), Nyepi festival has made Bali a unique island as well as a day to make and keep the balance of nature. He points out that Nyepi represents the suspension of all activity in the island preliminary to chasing out the evil vibration that has accumulated during the year. This is followed by a day of absolute silence, the suspension of all activity, from which the ceremony takes its name. Nyepi marks the New Year. On Nyepi, the tourists are not allowed to step aside of their hotel. All activity should remain inside the hotel. Even though most of the respondents have not attend this festivals before, but their knowledge about the description on how the Nyepi festival held is relatively in a correct way. Kecak dance is the most well-known dances in Bali (Seminar on Tourism,1977). Therefore most of the respondent who interested in cultural dance mentioned that Kecak dance is the cultural dance that they want to attend. But they can not describe on what the dance about. One of the respondent only can mentioned about Monkey dance which Kecak is also known as. The source of how the respondent knows about Balinese cultural dance mostly is from school and college. The others also mentioned about word of mouth from friends and family; mass media like newspaper, magazines, brochures; internet and also information from the travel agents. Therefore marketers need to take notes of the implication here. If the local or domestic market is targeted, they should create more awareness by using an attractive advertisement materials as well as articles. As for the international market, they should update and maintained the tourism board as well as travel website by spreading the information on cultural events which had happened as well as the future events. Distribution channels and networking are essential for international tourists due to their high dependence on tour operator and travel agents. It is important to create awareness for international tourist, so they can discover the unique points of the unusual cultural events in Bali. 2.2.2 Motivational Factor Beside the level of interest, those theories on tourists’ travel motivation that have been discussed in literature review part is can be helpful in this study to identify the Balinese cultural events as one of the motivational factor for tourist to travel to Bali. Therefore, these following topics have been elaborate to explore the tourist motivations travel to Bali. 2.2.2.1 Reason Tourist Traveling to Bali Based on the reason on why people want travel to Bali, most of the informants revealed that they prefer go to Bali because of the famous beaches there. For example, some of the informants thought that the beautiful beaches in Bali is one of the reasons why they want to travel there, below are the statements of respondents: â€Å"†¦and I also want to see their beach, because many people says that Bali have a beautiful beaches† (Indonesian informant/B.1) â€Å"†¦because Bali have beautiful beaches† (Korean informant/A.2) Beside the famous Bali beaches, the other informants also mentioned that the unique Balinese culture and attractive tourist attraction; friendliness of local people; and their interest in shopping, especially local art market, is also the reasons that affect them to go traveling to Bali. One of the respondents thought that shopping in Balinese local art market is cheap, which can see their statement below: â€Å"†¦because I want to see their famous cheap art market.† (Indonesian informant/B.1) 2.2.2.2 Purpose of Trip As for the tourist that been to Bali, most of the informants reveal that the purpose of their trip to Bali mostly is for holiday with family or friends. One of the informants stated that his/her purpose is for business trips like seminar, training and also research purposes. â€Å"I have a lot of purposes, because there are different purposes each of my trip, such as vacation, training, seminar, and business trip or doing some research there.† (Indonesian informant/B.6) 2.2.2.3 Other Factors that Motivate Tourist to Bali Besides culture, the factors those motivate informants to go to Bali is to experience their natural attraction like beaches or mountains. Most of them revealed that they want to experience the beach activities; like surfing; below are the statements of respondents: â€Å"Their beaches for surfing! I like surfing.† (French informant/A.4) â€Å"The beach, surfing and the people. I heard that is what Bali’s famous for.† (Malaysian informant/A.5) â€Å"Their natural attraction, especially beaches. I like the wave, it’s good for surfing!† (Singaporean informant/A.10) Findings from interviews by looking at their age group of traveler indicated that most of the younger traveler revealed that the factor that motivated them to go to Bali is to experience the beach activities; like surfing; because as they know Bali is one of the famous destinations for surfing. In terms of the other factors that motivate some of the informants, beside culture, is indicated to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Bali; friendliness of local people; shopping activities; for example one of informants thought his/her motivate factors is for relaxation to escape for the daily life routine activities, as seen below: â€Å"I’ll go there for relax and also to release my stress for daily routine, especially from my work.† (Malaysian informant/B.3) Discussion: The push and pull concept provides reasons as to why people travel. According to, Dann (1977), people are pushed into making travel decisions by internal forces. The other is that they are pulled into travel decisions by external forces such as destination attributes. In other words, push motivation is an internal factor from an individual and increases the desire for people to travel, whereas pull motivation is an external factor that influences people travel which cues of a specific destination that pull people to realize the needs of particular travel experiences, such as natural and historic attractions, food, people, recreation facilities, and marketed image of the destination. Therefore by looking at the reasons on why people traveling to Bali; it indicated that most of the informants will go to Bali to enjoy the natural attraction in Bali. Whereby according to Dann (1977), natural attraction in Bali; like their beaches; is one of the major pull factors that influence people to go traveling to Bali. The other reasons that some of the informants mentioned that influence them to go to Bali such as the uniqueness of Balinese culture; the friendliness of local people; and shopping activities. Here, all the reasons also can be categories into the pull factors. According to Crompton (1979), he points out that the pull motivations help illustrate the actual destination choice, which related to this findings on the reasons why people choose Bali as destination to travel. Regarding on the purpose of trip that tourists that been to Bali before, most of the informants said that their main purpose is for holiday or leisure time. One of the informants also stated the other purpose is for business purpose. Coltman (1930) explained the factors that create a person’s desire to travel; purpose of people to travel; which have been categories into two; such as motivation that related to the destination and not related (Coltman, 1930). Here, most of the informants though that holiday as their main purpose, which can be fall under motivation related to the destination, into the leisure time escape category; that makes tourist to escape from their daily activities, or merely to have a new experience. In contrary, for business purpose can be categories into the motivation not related to the destination. It means that it can give people no choice about going to that destination instead of some others. Tourists’ purposes can be determined as push factor. Push factor is an internal energy to an individual and increases the desire for people to travel. Crompton (1979) mentioned that the push factor have been useful in explaining the desire for travel. It includes the desire for escape, novelty seeking, adventure seeking, dream fulfillment, rest and relaxation, health and fitness, prestige, and socialization. According to the findings, most of the informants reveal that their push factor is to enjoy the holiday with family and friends, which can be categories into the desire for escape, as well as socialization. By looking at the other factors, beside culture, that motivate the informants to visit Bali, such as to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Bali; to relax with friends and family; the friendliness of local people; and shopping activities. According to Gahan and Martin (1993) and Mohr et al. (1993), the informants’ motivations for people visit Bali mostly for escape; inverse in routine daily life activities by enjoying the scenery. It followed by socialization and family togetherness (enjoying themselves being with family and friends); excitement (surfing) and event novelty (shopping). Attending cultural events is under the event novelty, where tourist is experiencing something new and different things because of the uniqueness. 2.2.3 Tourists perception Basically, tourist perception is related to motivation tourist, which can influence traveler’s decision making to travel to the particular destination. To prove that there is a connection between tourist perception and motivation factors, this study explored the various tourist perceptions towards Bali as a tourist destination, as well as their perceptions about Balinese cultural events. 2.2.3.1 Perception about Bali In terms of tourist’s perception about Bali, most of the informants frequently called Bali as a beautiful island, which famous and well-known as international destination. They also stated that Bali is a nice place for relaxation. Some of the informants also thought about Bali with their friendly local people and the wide variety of tourist activities; such as surfing; where some informants mentioned that Bali is famous as surfing destination in the world. Below are the informants’ statements: â€Å"In my opinion, Bali is the island that has been notified by international tourist as one of the beautiful Islands in the world. It is famous as one of the best surfing destination in the world.† (French informant/A.4) â€Å"To me, Bali is a surfing paradise,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Malaysian informant/A.5) Beside that, some of the informants comments about Bali as an island that rich in culture and historical background, as seen below: â€Å"I heard that there’s also a lot of history and tales about the Island, which also famous with their uniqueness of culture.† (Malaysian informant/A.5) â€Å"I think Bali is very unique, especially their culture with a strong tradition; where everybody who stays in Bali should obey to their tradition† (Indonesian informant/ B.6) The uniqueness of Balinese art and handicraft; with cheaper price in the local art market; as some informants thought that Bali as shopping spree paradise. Below are their statements: â€Å"Bali has their own beautiful handicraft with their unique design.† (Indonesian informant/B.1) â€Å"I love it, like for shopping it’s very cheap there, especially their art traditional market.† (Indonesian informant/B.9) By looking at the age of informants, most of the older traveler indicates that their opinion about Bali as a nice place for relaxing from the daily life routine, as they thought Bali is a peaceful place. In contrary, for younger traveler, their perception about Bali is an exciting destination, with a lot of activities that they can experience there; doing something stimulating; especially their beach activities. Some of younger traveler thought that beaches in Bali are fantastic and a one of the famous destination for surfing activities. 2.2.3.2 Perception about Balinese Cultural Event In terms of the perceptions of tourists toward cultural event, most of the informants revealed that Balinese cultural event has a unique attraction which very attractive. Some of the informants stated that the cultural event in Bali is unique because different with any other culture; especially for foreign tourist, whereby they revealed that it different between Balinese culture and the culture in their country of origin; below are the statements of informants: â€Å"It’s very unique, and quite different with Malaysian culture, especially their festival, like Nyepi.† (Malaysian informant/B.3) â€Å"†¦as I know their culture is very interesting and a lot of traditional dance and festival that very different from my country.† (French informant/A.4) Some of the informants also mentioned other perceptions about Balinese cultural event have a strong connection with their belief or religion, as well as their tradition, which make their cultural events’ as a sacral and very spiritual (mystic). â€Å"Their cultural event is very religious and sacral. Whatever it is, dances or festivals, they always connected with their religion and beliefs.† (Indonesian informant/B.1) â€Å"I think it also a bit mystic.† (Indonesian informant/B.9) â€Å"I felt a bit freaky because it’s very mystic as well as magical.† (Singaporean informant/A.10) Other informants indicated on how the Balinese community performs’ the cultural events in Bali. Some of them thought that the cultural event, especially Balinese cultural dance, is very attractive, energetic and also powerful. â€Å"I think it’s very beautiful, and also the performance was very energetic and powerful!† (Indonesian informant/B.9) â€Å"I think it’s quite interesting and energetic†¦. and they dance with the powerful music.† (Singaporean informant/A.10) For the cultural festival, one informant commented on the way they celebrate it which is family-oriented. â€Å"In my opinion, it’s very family-oriented; it’s good, because even though they don’t have enough money, the Balinese community will be collecting money from their big family to hold their tradition as cultural event.† (Indonesian informant/B.6) Discussion: According to the findings, the tourists’ perceptions towards Bali as one of the most enchanting and well-known travel destination in the world, because of the physical beauty of the island and its natural attraction like their nice beaches. According to Picard (1996), therefore Bali is seen by tourists as the â€Å"Ultimate Island†. Other than the beauty of their natural attraction, some of the informants also revealed that Bali as an island with rich of culture and strong religious tradition. For that reason, Bali is also known as the â€Å"Island of God†, where Hinduism belief influences most of the cultural aspect in Balinese community (Picard, 1996). The tourists’ perception toward Bali is predominantly characterized by the reasons on why people traveling to Bali; and factors that motivates them. Based on Crompton (1979), it shows that there is a connection between the tourist perception about a destination and tourist motivations to travel to the destination. He points out that tourist perception on the particular destination can influence traveler’s decision making in choosing a destination. Therefore tourists’ perception about Bali also can be categorized as the Pull factors based on Dann’s theory (Dann,1977). Regarding the tourists’ perception toward the Balinese cultural events in general, the study indicates that most of informants thought that Balinese cultural event is attractive and very unique, which different with other culture. Other than the uniqueness of cultural event in Bali, some of the informants thought that Balinese cultural events have a strong connection with their religion and spiritual indeed. According to Picard (1996), the cultural and religious are interwoven in Bali. He also stated that tourism in Bali cannot be conceived apart from Balinese culture. In fact, tourism is become the largest economy’s industry in Bali, with cultural tourism is one of the major aspects that contributed to the industry. In terms of the perceptions’ towards characteristics of Balinese cultural events, most of the informants described the cultural dance in Bali is energetic and powerful; and for the cultural festival some of the informants thought that it is family-oriented. By looking at the tourists’ perceptions about cultural events shows the level of understanding and knowledge of the informants toward the Balinese cultural events. Even they do not have a clear perspective in terms of knowledge, but the study shows the good opinion toward Balinese cultural events. Based on the Gahan and Martin (1993), the tourist perceptions’ on a particular event can influence tourist behavior for attending the events. This study shows that good perceptions’ of tourist toward Balinese cultural event will influence them to attend the cultural events; where majority of the informants indicates their interest to attend the cultural event in Bali. 2.2.4 Tourist experience Motivation tourist is related to their intention of visiting the particular destination, which also influence by their perception toward the destination. Tourist experienced the destination to meets their expectation. This can be determined by knowing how their travel behavior during the trip, such as their satisfaction level, destination that they visited, as well as the frequency of visiting Bali. 2.2.4.1 Satisfaction of Trip From the qualitative study conducted to the informants that been to Bali before, all of the informant shows that they have a high satisfaction level while their trip to Bali. Most of the informants reveal that they enjoy the scenery and tourist attractions in Bali, especially the scenery of beaches. â€Å"Yes, because the scenery and the beach is very attractive. I really enjoy it.† (Indonesian informant/A.8) â€Å"I really enjoyed it with my friends and family, especially when I looked at the scenery during sunset! It’s really beautiful.† (Indonesian informant/B.9) Other than that, one of the informants thought that he/she satisfied with the trip because of the price is cheap, like for accommodation, as well as public transportation. â€Å"And my trip is very satisfied! Because it’s very cheap there, the air is fresh and no pollution! The accommodation is also cheap. I stayed near by the Nusa Dua beach. For the transportation, the taxi rate is so cheap.† (Japanese informant/B.7) 2.2.4.2 Destination Visited In terms of the destinations visited, the study indicated that Kuta area is the most popular destination for tourist. Beside that, some of the informants stated that Ubud, Nusa Dua, and Kintamani, as the other destinations that they visited during the trip. Denpasar is the main gateways in Bali; where known as the place of Ngurah Rai International airport of Bali; therefore most of the informants mentioned Denpasar as one of the place that they have been visited. 2.2.4.3 Experience for Attending Cultural Event By looking at the tourists’ experience for attending the cultural events, from five informants, four informants had been attend the cultural event in Bali, and only one informant that did not attend. Most of the informants; that had been attend it before; reveals that they watched the performance in Ubud and Kuta area. â€Å"I watched the dances during night in Ubud.† (Japanese informant/B.7) â€Å"I watched it near by my hotel in Kuta, and it’s very fantastic!† (Indonesian informant/B.9) The most cultural event that had been attended is Kecak dance, and followed by Pendet and Barong dance for the cultural dances. For the cultural festivals and ceremonies, some of the informants mentioned that they have been attending the Ngaben festivals. Whereby, one of the informants reveals that he/she had been attending both of the cultural dances and cultural festivals. â€Å"I have seen Ngaben ceremony and some of their cultural dances, like Kecak and Pendet. Kecak is very attractive dance; there is a meaning behind it. One of the interesting parts is their group cooperation.† (Indonesian informant/B.6) 2.2.4.4 Frequency of Visiting Bali Based on the frequency of visiting Bali, most of the informants stated that it is their first time going to Bali. Whereas one of the informants stated that he/she has gone to Bali for more than twice, at least 4 times a year. â€Å"Not really regularly, but I’ll go there at least 4 times a year.† (Indonesian informant/B.6) By looking at the intention for tourist that never been to Bali before, all the informants reveal that they have an intention for planning to visit Bali someday. Some of them stated that they will visit Bali when they already have enough money to go there. â€Å"I have to see my saving first.† (Korean informant/A.2) â€Å"Yes, when I have enough money, surely I’ll go there. (Indonesian informant/B.1) From the qualitative study, i Tourist Motivations to Visit Bali Tourist Motivations to Visit Bali 2.2 Results and Discussions This section presents the results and discussions of the study, which consists of the results of descriptive data from qualitative approach. It also presents the discussions based on the research findings and relates them with possible reasons based on the secondary data or literature review. The findings are based on data sources from qualitative data conducted by the researcher. The purpose of this section is to answer the objectives of the study, which is to determine the tourist perception towards cultural events in Bali and to explore the motivation of people visiting Bali, especially for its culture. 2.2.1 Level of Interest Level of interest of tourist can be determined as one of the factor that influencing people to choose the particular destination. According to the Rapaports (1975) theory about factor that influencing the customer behaviors which can motivate them to go to the destination. It elaborated through this following topic. 2.2.1.1 Sources about Bali From the in-depth interviews informants conducted, all the informants have ever heard about Bali before. Based on how informants get to know Bali, there are several sources. Most of the informants know Bali from word of mouth from informant’s family and friends. On the other hand, for Indonesian respondent, they know Bali since they were attend school. Beside that, the remaining publicity is from media, like television, books, magazines, brochures; as well as through internet, include travel website. For example informants mentioned that their relatives’ experiences and stories about Bali is one of the reasons that make the respondents go to Bali, below are the statements of informants: â€Å"†¦I will go there. Because my friend told me that the place is nice and the culture is very unique† (French informant/A.4) â€Å"†¦I heard it from my parents, because my parents had their honeymoon there, and they said it was really beautiful island† (Singaporean informant/A.10) 2.2.1.2 Attending Balinese Cultural Event Tourists; who never been and have been to Bali before; indicated that five informants have high interest in attending cultural events in Bali, otherwise there is three informants said that they might be interested in attending cultural events. And the remaining two informants do not have interest in attending cultural events. According to Morgan (1996), the respondent answers of ‘maybe’ could be a huge potential if these respondents can be converted to ‘interested’ respondents. In Morgan’s model for decision making, it categorized into 5 main steps, such as: Problem recognition (don’t know market) Information search (maybe market) Evaluation of alternatives Choice of purchase Evaluation of post-purchase experience As for the maybe market, marketers can use advertisements to create the need for attending the cultural events by sending mails or using media like distributing materials that have information on the cultural events to create their awareness. Findings from interviews by looking at their age group of traveler indicated that most of the traveler that interested in Balinese cultural events is older traveler, whereas four informants said that attending cultural events is one of their purposes of traveling to Bali and the remaining informantsaid not really interest to attend cultural events. One of the informants thought that people who attended the cultural events will have a better understanding about the Balinese tradition, which can see his/her statements below: â€Å"†¦as I told you before I want to learn more about their Balinese tradition through their cultural events† (Indonesian informant/B.6) Other respondents thought that differences of cultural events between their country of origin and Bali makes them interested to attend the cultural event in Bali. â€Å"†¦I’m quite interested with Balinese culture event, because their event is very different with our Japanese cultural events†. (Japanese informant/B.7) Meanwhile for younger traveler; only one respondent interested in Balinese cultural events. Another one informant said that he/she will not attend the cultural events in Bali because he/she does not have any interest in culture. The remaining three informants stated that attending cultural events in Bali is not a main purpose but they might decide to attend when they are in Bali. One of respondent of young traveler stated that she might attend the cultural event because she curious about it. â€Å"†¦but I’m just a bit curious for their cultural dances. So maybe I’ll attend there. (Singaporean informant/A.10) Based on the type of cultural events which respondents have the intention to attend, it indicated that six informants show high interest in their intention to attend a cultural festival rather than cultural dances. They mentioned their interest in cultural festival, such as Nyepi, Ngaben, Temple Festival, and Tooth Filling. Most of them interested to attend the Nyepi festival. For example, some informants describe Nyepi festival as seen below: â€Å"†¦ I heard that during Nyepi, everyone have to stay in their house and doing nothing, only pray to their god. My friend said that Bali is like a death island while Nyepi†. (Malaysian informant/B.3) â€Å"†¦ I heard that it only happens once a year. It is a day that whole of Bali Island remains silent.† (Malaysian informant/A.5) â€Å"†¦As a visitor in Bali, we have to stay at their hotel, because the community asked the visitor who stays in Bali should be obey with the rule of their tradition. No one will be hanging around and there is no activity during Nyepi.† (Indonesian informant/B.6) The other four informants refer to attend cultural dances rather than cultural festival. All of them interested to attend the famous â€Å"Kecak† dance. One of them describe Kecak dance as seen below: â€Å"†¦ the famous Monkey dance which as I know also known as Kecak dance.† (French informant/A.4) 2.2.1.3 Sources about Balinese Cultural Event In terms of the sources on how the informants know about cultural event in Bali, it indicated that most of the informants said that they ever heard about Balinese cultural event from school or college. They said that they have been learned it before. The statements regarding with sources as seen below: â€Å"†¦From school, I knew it from my geography teacher.† (Indonesian informant/A.8) â€Å"†¦I heard from my lecture.† (Malaysian informant/A.5) Beside that, the others also mentioned on how they know about cultural event in Bali such as the recommendations from friends, as well as a print publications like magazines, brochure, and travel books. As for the international tourists, internet and travel agents are the common sources on how they discover about the Balinese cultural events. Discussion: According to Picard (1996), Bali is one of the primary destinations in Indonesia, and well-known as an international destination, whereby most of the respondents said that they ever heard about Bali before. Even some of them do not really know about Balinese culture, but they still recognize Bali as one of the famous tourist attraction in the world. Regarding on how the informants know about Bali, it indicated that word of mouth from friends and family’s references is one of the source as well as influence them to travel to Bali. Based on the Rapaports (1975) and Morgan (1996) theory of social influences on customer behavior, reference group is the most influencing way on how they discover about the destination. Family and friends are called ‘primary reference group’ which is a group who influence the behavior to whom they come into close contact; by sharing their experiences about the destination. Most of them reveal that they want to go Bali because of good experiences from their relatives. Tourism is become the largest economy’s industry in Bali, especially its cultural tourism. A Balinese cultural event is one of major tourist activities as well as a tourist attraction. Therefore most of the informants; both tourists who never been and have been to Bali before; have a high interest in attending the cultural events in Bali. By looking at their age group categories, research findings indicated that older traveler is more interested to attend the cultural events rather than the younger traveler. Younger travelers might decide to attend, but attending the cultural event is not their purpose to go to Bali. On the other hand, older travelers reveal that attending cultural event is one of their main purposes to visit Bali. Firstly, there is a cultural arts-core for a tourist who has interest in culture and seen cultural event as primary element and attends the cultural event is a main purpose. Some of the older traveler categories into this level of interest in attend the cultural event. Secondly, cultural arts-incidental is for a tourist who seen a cultural event less important than other attraction but could be either attraction or an amenity, and attend the cultural event is their secondary purpose. Most of the older traveler is under this category, where they points out that attending cultural events is one of their purpose but not their main purpose. Cultural arts-accidental is for a tourist who view cultural events may not be an attraction but an amenity, but they might be interest in attending a cultural event. Most of the younger traveler is under this category. They might be interested in cultural event, but attending the cultural events is not their purpose. Lastly, Non-cultural art is for a tourist who not interested in culture, they also do not seen cultural events as an attraction or amenity, attending cultural events is not their purpose and they will not attend it. One respondent of younger traveler is under this category, where he/she revealed that he/she does not have interested in any cultural event. Based on the type of cultural events that the respondents have intention to attend, most of them intend in attending cultural festival rather than cultural dances, with Nyepi festival as their preferable festival that they want to attend. According to Ida Bagus Rata (2004), Nyepi festival has made Bali a unique island as well as a day to make and keep the balance of nature. He points out that Nyepi represents the suspension of all activity in the island preliminary to chasing out the evil vibration that has accumulated during the year. This is followed by a day of absolute silence, the suspension of all activity, from which the ceremony takes its name. Nyepi marks the New Year. On Nyepi, the tourists are not allowed to step aside of their hotel. All activity should remain inside the hotel. Even though most of the respondents have not attend this festivals before, but their knowledge about the description on how the Nyepi festival held is relatively in a correct way. Kecak dance is the most well-known dances in Bali (Seminar on Tourism,1977). Therefore most of the respondent who interested in cultural dance mentioned that Kecak dance is the cultural dance that they want to attend. But they can not describe on what the dance about. One of the respondent only can mentioned about Monkey dance which Kecak is also known as. The source of how the respondent knows about Balinese cultural dance mostly is from school and college. The others also mentioned about word of mouth from friends and family; mass media like newspaper, magazines, brochures; internet and also information from the travel agents. Therefore marketers need to take notes of the implication here. If the local or domestic market is targeted, they should create more awareness by using an attractive advertisement materials as well as articles. As for the international market, they should update and maintained the tourism board as well as travel website by spreading the information on cultural events which had happened as well as the future events. Distribution channels and networking are essential for international tourists due to their high dependence on tour operator and travel agents. It is important to create awareness for international tourist, so they can discover the unique points of the unusual cultural events in Bali. 2.2.2 Motivational Factor Beside the level of interest, those theories on tourists’ travel motivation that have been discussed in literature review part is can be helpful in this study to identify the Balinese cultural events as one of the motivational factor for tourist to travel to Bali. Therefore, these following topics have been elaborate to explore the tourist motivations travel to Bali. 2.2.2.1 Reason Tourist Traveling to Bali Based on the reason on why people want travel to Bali, most of the informants revealed that they prefer go to Bali because of the famous beaches there. For example, some of the informants thought that the beautiful beaches in Bali is one of the reasons why they want to travel there, below are the statements of respondents: â€Å"†¦and I also want to see their beach, because many people says that Bali have a beautiful beaches† (Indonesian informant/B.1) â€Å"†¦because Bali have beautiful beaches† (Korean informant/A.2) Beside the famous Bali beaches, the other informants also mentioned that the unique Balinese culture and attractive tourist attraction; friendliness of local people; and their interest in shopping, especially local art market, is also the reasons that affect them to go traveling to Bali. One of the respondents thought that shopping in Balinese local art market is cheap, which can see their statement below: â€Å"†¦because I want to see their famous cheap art market.† (Indonesian informant/B.1) 2.2.2.2 Purpose of Trip As for the tourist that been to Bali, most of the informants reveal that the purpose of their trip to Bali mostly is for holiday with family or friends. One of the informants stated that his/her purpose is for business trips like seminar, training and also research purposes. â€Å"I have a lot of purposes, because there are different purposes each of my trip, such as vacation, training, seminar, and business trip or doing some research there.† (Indonesian informant/B.6) 2.2.2.3 Other Factors that Motivate Tourist to Bali Besides culture, the factors those motivate informants to go to Bali is to experience their natural attraction like beaches or mountains. Most of them revealed that they want to experience the beach activities; like surfing; below are the statements of respondents: â€Å"Their beaches for surfing! I like surfing.† (French informant/A.4) â€Å"The beach, surfing and the people. I heard that is what Bali’s famous for.† (Malaysian informant/A.5) â€Å"Their natural attraction, especially beaches. I like the wave, it’s good for surfing!† (Singaporean informant/A.10) Findings from interviews by looking at their age group of traveler indicated that most of the younger traveler revealed that the factor that motivated them to go to Bali is to experience the beach activities; like surfing; because as they know Bali is one of the famous destinations for surfing. In terms of the other factors that motivate some of the informants, beside culture, is indicated to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Bali; friendliness of local people; shopping activities; for example one of informants thought his/her motivate factors is for relaxation to escape for the daily life routine activities, as seen below: â€Å"I’ll go there for relax and also to release my stress for daily routine, especially from my work.† (Malaysian informant/B.3) Discussion: The push and pull concept provides reasons as to why people travel. According to, Dann (1977), people are pushed into making travel decisions by internal forces. The other is that they are pulled into travel decisions by external forces such as destination attributes. In other words, push motivation is an internal factor from an individual and increases the desire for people to travel, whereas pull motivation is an external factor that influences people travel which cues of a specific destination that pull people to realize the needs of particular travel experiences, such as natural and historic attractions, food, people, recreation facilities, and marketed image of the destination. Therefore by looking at the reasons on why people traveling to Bali; it indicated that most of the informants will go to Bali to enjoy the natural attraction in Bali. Whereby according to Dann (1977), natural attraction in Bali; like their beaches; is one of the major pull factors that influence people to go traveling to Bali. The other reasons that some of the informants mentioned that influence them to go to Bali such as the uniqueness of Balinese culture; the friendliness of local people; and shopping activities. Here, all the reasons also can be categories into the pull factors. According to Crompton (1979), he points out that the pull motivations help illustrate the actual destination choice, which related to this findings on the reasons why people choose Bali as destination to travel. Regarding on the purpose of trip that tourists that been to Bali before, most of the informants said that their main purpose is for holiday or leisure time. One of the informants also stated the other purpose is for business purpose. Coltman (1930) explained the factors that create a person’s desire to travel; purpose of people to travel; which have been categories into two; such as motivation that related to the destination and not related (Coltman, 1930). Here, most of the informants though that holiday as their main purpose, which can be fall under motivation related to the destination, into the leisure time escape category; that makes tourist to escape from their daily activities, or merely to have a new experience. In contrary, for business purpose can be categories into the motivation not related to the destination. It means that it can give people no choice about going to that destination instead of some others. Tourists’ purposes can be determined as push factor. Push factor is an internal energy to an individual and increases the desire for people to travel. Crompton (1979) mentioned that the push factor have been useful in explaining the desire for travel. It includes the desire for escape, novelty seeking, adventure seeking, dream fulfillment, rest and relaxation, health and fitness, prestige, and socialization. According to the findings, most of the informants reveal that their push factor is to enjoy the holiday with family and friends, which can be categories into the desire for escape, as well as socialization. By looking at the other factors, beside culture, that motivate the informants to visit Bali, such as to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Bali; to relax with friends and family; the friendliness of local people; and shopping activities. According to Gahan and Martin (1993) and Mohr et al. (1993), the informants’ motivations for people visit Bali mostly for escape; inverse in routine daily life activities by enjoying the scenery. It followed by socialization and family togetherness (enjoying themselves being with family and friends); excitement (surfing) and event novelty (shopping). Attending cultural events is under the event novelty, where tourist is experiencing something new and different things because of the uniqueness. 2.2.3 Tourists perception Basically, tourist perception is related to motivation tourist, which can influence traveler’s decision making to travel to the particular destination. To prove that there is a connection between tourist perception and motivation factors, this study explored the various tourist perceptions towards Bali as a tourist destination, as well as their perceptions about Balinese cultural events. 2.2.3.1 Perception about Bali In terms of tourist’s perception about Bali, most of the informants frequently called Bali as a beautiful island, which famous and well-known as international destination. They also stated that Bali is a nice place for relaxation. Some of the informants also thought about Bali with their friendly local people and the wide variety of tourist activities; such as surfing; where some informants mentioned that Bali is famous as surfing destination in the world. Below are the informants’ statements: â€Å"In my opinion, Bali is the island that has been notified by international tourist as one of the beautiful Islands in the world. It is famous as one of the best surfing destination in the world.† (French informant/A.4) â€Å"To me, Bali is a surfing paradise,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Malaysian informant/A.5) Beside that, some of the informants comments about Bali as an island that rich in culture and historical background, as seen below: â€Å"I heard that there’s also a lot of history and tales about the Island, which also famous with their uniqueness of culture.† (Malaysian informant/A.5) â€Å"I think Bali is very unique, especially their culture with a strong tradition; where everybody who stays in Bali should obey to their tradition† (Indonesian informant/ B.6) The uniqueness of Balinese art and handicraft; with cheaper price in the local art market; as some informants thought that Bali as shopping spree paradise. Below are their statements: â€Å"Bali has their own beautiful handicraft with their unique design.† (Indonesian informant/B.1) â€Å"I love it, like for shopping it’s very cheap there, especially their art traditional market.† (Indonesian informant/B.9) By looking at the age of informants, most of the older traveler indicates that their opinion about Bali as a nice place for relaxing from the daily life routine, as they thought Bali is a peaceful place. In contrary, for younger traveler, their perception about Bali is an exciting destination, with a lot of activities that they can experience there; doing something stimulating; especially their beach activities. Some of younger traveler thought that beaches in Bali are fantastic and a one of the famous destination for surfing activities. 2.2.3.2 Perception about Balinese Cultural Event In terms of the perceptions of tourists toward cultural event, most of the informants revealed that Balinese cultural event has a unique attraction which very attractive. Some of the informants stated that the cultural event in Bali is unique because different with any other culture; especially for foreign tourist, whereby they revealed that it different between Balinese culture and the culture in their country of origin; below are the statements of informants: â€Å"It’s very unique, and quite different with Malaysian culture, especially their festival, like Nyepi.† (Malaysian informant/B.3) â€Å"†¦as I know their culture is very interesting and a lot of traditional dance and festival that very different from my country.† (French informant/A.4) Some of the informants also mentioned other perceptions about Balinese cultural event have a strong connection with their belief or religion, as well as their tradition, which make their cultural events’ as a sacral and very spiritual (mystic). â€Å"Their cultural event is very religious and sacral. Whatever it is, dances or festivals, they always connected with their religion and beliefs.† (Indonesian informant/B.1) â€Å"I think it also a bit mystic.† (Indonesian informant/B.9) â€Å"I felt a bit freaky because it’s very mystic as well as magical.† (Singaporean informant/A.10) Other informants indicated on how the Balinese community performs’ the cultural events in Bali. Some of them thought that the cultural event, especially Balinese cultural dance, is very attractive, energetic and also powerful. â€Å"I think it’s very beautiful, and also the performance was very energetic and powerful!† (Indonesian informant/B.9) â€Å"I think it’s quite interesting and energetic†¦. and they dance with the powerful music.† (Singaporean informant/A.10) For the cultural festival, one informant commented on the way they celebrate it which is family-oriented. â€Å"In my opinion, it’s very family-oriented; it’s good, because even though they don’t have enough money, the Balinese community will be collecting money from their big family to hold their tradition as cultural event.† (Indonesian informant/B.6) Discussion: According to the findings, the tourists’ perceptions towards Bali as one of the most enchanting and well-known travel destination in the world, because of the physical beauty of the island and its natural attraction like their nice beaches. According to Picard (1996), therefore Bali is seen by tourists as the â€Å"Ultimate Island†. Other than the beauty of their natural attraction, some of the informants also revealed that Bali as an island with rich of culture and strong religious tradition. For that reason, Bali is also known as the â€Å"Island of God†, where Hinduism belief influences most of the cultural aspect in Balinese community (Picard, 1996). The tourists’ perception toward Bali is predominantly characterized by the reasons on why people traveling to Bali; and factors that motivates them. Based on Crompton (1979), it shows that there is a connection between the tourist perception about a destination and tourist motivations to travel to the destination. He points out that tourist perception on the particular destination can influence traveler’s decision making in choosing a destination. Therefore tourists’ perception about Bali also can be categorized as the Pull factors based on Dann’s theory (Dann,1977). Regarding the tourists’ perception toward the Balinese cultural events in general, the study indicates that most of informants thought that Balinese cultural event is attractive and very unique, which different with other culture. Other than the uniqueness of cultural event in Bali, some of the informants thought that Balinese cultural events have a strong connection with their religion and spiritual indeed. According to Picard (1996), the cultural and religious are interwoven in Bali. He also stated that tourism in Bali cannot be conceived apart from Balinese culture. In fact, tourism is become the largest economy’s industry in Bali, with cultural tourism is one of the major aspects that contributed to the industry. In terms of the perceptions’ towards characteristics of Balinese cultural events, most of the informants described the cultural dance in Bali is energetic and powerful; and for the cultural festival some of the informants thought that it is family-oriented. By looking at the tourists’ perceptions about cultural events shows the level of understanding and knowledge of the informants toward the Balinese cultural events. Even they do not have a clear perspective in terms of knowledge, but the study shows the good opinion toward Balinese cultural events. Based on the Gahan and Martin (1993), the tourist perceptions’ on a particular event can influence tourist behavior for attending the events. This study shows that good perceptions’ of tourist toward Balinese cultural event will influence them to attend the cultural events; where majority of the informants indicates their interest to attend the cultural event in Bali. 2.2.4 Tourist experience Motivation tourist is related to their intention of visiting the particular destination, which also influence by their perception toward the destination. Tourist experienced the destination to meets their expectation. This can be determined by knowing how their travel behavior during the trip, such as their satisfaction level, destination that they visited, as well as the frequency of visiting Bali. 2.2.4.1 Satisfaction of Trip From the qualitative study conducted to the informants that been to Bali before, all of the informant shows that they have a high satisfaction level while their trip to Bali. Most of the informants reveal that they enjoy the scenery and tourist attractions in Bali, especially the scenery of beaches. â€Å"Yes, because the scenery and the beach is very attractive. I really enjoy it.† (Indonesian informant/A.8) â€Å"I really enjoyed it with my friends and family, especially when I looked at the scenery during sunset! It’s really beautiful.† (Indonesian informant/B.9) Other than that, one of the informants thought that he/she satisfied with the trip because of the price is cheap, like for accommodation, as well as public transportation. â€Å"And my trip is very satisfied! Because it’s very cheap there, the air is fresh and no pollution! The accommodation is also cheap. I stayed near by the Nusa Dua beach. For the transportation, the taxi rate is so cheap.† (Japanese informant/B.7) 2.2.4.2 Destination Visited In terms of the destinations visited, the study indicated that Kuta area is the most popular destination for tourist. Beside that, some of the informants stated that Ubud, Nusa Dua, and Kintamani, as the other destinations that they visited during the trip. Denpasar is the main gateways in Bali; where known as the place of Ngurah Rai International airport of Bali; therefore most of the informants mentioned Denpasar as one of the place that they have been visited. 2.2.4.3 Experience for Attending Cultural Event By looking at the tourists’ experience for attending the cultural events, from five informants, four informants had been attend the cultural event in Bali, and only one informant that did not attend. Most of the informants; that had been attend it before; reveals that they watched the performance in Ubud and Kuta area. â€Å"I watched the dances during night in Ubud.† (Japanese informant/B.7) â€Å"I watched it near by my hotel in Kuta, and it’s very fantastic!† (Indonesian informant/B.9) The most cultural event that had been attended is Kecak dance, and followed by Pendet and Barong dance for the cultural dances. For the cultural festivals and ceremonies, some of the informants mentioned that they have been attending the Ngaben festivals. Whereby, one of the informants reveals that he/she had been attending both of the cultural dances and cultural festivals. â€Å"I have seen Ngaben ceremony and some of their cultural dances, like Kecak and Pendet. Kecak is very attractive dance; there is a meaning behind it. One of the interesting parts is their group cooperation.† (Indonesian informant/B.6) 2.2.4.4 Frequency of Visiting Bali Based on the frequency of visiting Bali, most of the informants stated that it is their first time going to Bali. Whereas one of the informants stated that he/she has gone to Bali for more than twice, at least 4 times a year. â€Å"Not really regularly, but I’ll go there at least 4 times a year.† (Indonesian informant/B.6) By looking at the intention for tourist that never been to Bali before, all the informants reveal that they have an intention for planning to visit Bali someday. Some of them stated that they will visit Bali when they already have enough money to go there. â€Å"I have to see my saving first.† (Korean informant/A.2) â€Å"Yes, when I have enough money, surely I’ll go there. (Indonesian informant/B.1) From the qualitative study, i

ed norton :: essays research papers

Edward Norton achieved instant stardom in his feature film debut in the 1996 Primal Fear. Norton was credited for saving a rather mediocre film with his portrayal of a Kentucky altar boy accused of murdering a Chicago Arch Bishop. This role earned Norton Golden Globe and Oscar Nominations for best supporting actor. With his instant fame Norton proved that he could go on and further his acting talents. Norton was born in Boston on August 18, 1969. He was raised in Columbia, Maryland and even in his early years Norton was known as an extremely smart and serious individual. He is the son of a former federal prosecutor and an English teacher. He became interested in acting at the age of five and made his stage debut at the age of 8 in a local production of Annie Get Your Gun. Norton enrolled in the Orenstein's Columbia School for Theatrical Arts, and after high school he studied history at Yale, while staying active in the university's theater program. After graduating from Yale with a degree in hstory, Norton spent a few months in Japan, then moved to New York. In New York he worked at the Enterprise Foundation, a group dedicated to ending urban decay. Norton still acted whenever possible, and finally decided to presue acting full-time. After appearing in several off-Broadway plays Norton won his role in Primal Fear after being chosen from 2,100 hopefulls. After stunning nearly everyone who saw his performance Norton continued to amaze in movies like Everyone Says I Love you and The People vs. Larry Flint. 1998 was a big year for Norton who turned in two great performances in Rounders and

Human is a fallen God who remembers Heaven :: Personal Narrative Writing

Human is a fallen God who remembers Heaven "Rafal, why don't you participate in the contest that I was talking about. I think you have a chance to win" my teacher proposed. When I was in fifth grade in elementary school I had my first chance to participate in an art contest. The name of the contest was "spring," so kids had to draw or paint a picture that represents the landscape in the spring season. In school there were many kids who could draw and paint well. My friend Marcin really made better pictures then I did, so when I went home from school I didn't have enough faith to even try. I didn’t do anything about that whole day. The next day, I told my teacher that I was not going to participate because I did not feel like I had a chance to win. At the end of the class, the teacher asked me to wait because she had something for me. That day I was really surprised; she gave me brand new paint and a couple of brushes from the school supplies and told me that I could borrow these tools to do the artwork for the contest. She also added that if I won I could keep these. She really empowered me to participate, and I realized that I had nothing to lose. Running, I took the shortest way home. I just couldn't wait to get to my room and open the jars of paint. It wasn't difficult that I thought it would be. I really enjoyed painting and that was actually my first time I painted something. It seemed like I was painting before. The idea of the design came fast; I visualized one of the artworks that hung on the wall in our art classroom. I don't remember the name of the artist, but the well-composed picture showed trees and a river in bright and natural colors. So, I tried to do a similar painting. My idea was to make the river flow from one side of the paper to the other, with trees in front of the river and behind, and I added a house in the middle. It took me almost the whole afternoon and evening to finish this artwork and no one helped me. That was one of the happiest days of my life. I was very surprised what I had done.

Master’s Prepared Nurse Interview Essay

Due to the demands of an evolving health care system and an emphasis in health and wellness, Master’s prepared nurses are in demand. What does a Master’s prepared nurse entails? According to the American Association College of Nursing, Master’s prepared nurses obtain a higher level of learning as well as key competencies and skills. The ultimate goal is to achieve positive patient outcomes resulting in an overall improved health care system. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight on a Master’s prepared nurse conducted through an interview. My interviewee has obtained an MSN in Informatics and is currently employed in the Informatics field as a Nurse Informaticist. Overview of Career My interviewee started her career path with an Associate’s degree in Nursing. As a new graduate in nursing, her first job in nursing was in an acute care setting on a telemetry unit. After two years as a staff nurse in telemetry she was promoted to charge nurse and remained in this position for three years. She then decided to further her education in nursing but still needed to work full time. To her gain, her employer had recently partnered up with a university offering online and traditional courses. Eventually, the online fast track RN-BSN was her option of choice. It took her 18 months to obtain her BSN from the University of Phoenix. After completing her BSN, awaiting her was a promotion for a supervisor position on the telemetry unit. She accepted the position and remained in this positon for seven years. During that time, she also served in the role of interim manager and was instrumental in planning and implementing the electronic health record. The electronic health record became her passion. She was one of the lead trainers and eventually accepted a role as a full time trainer within the hospital. The position as a full time trainer in the hospital morphed into a position at the hospital’s corporate level. She took on a new title as an  analyst within the clinical informatics department. Her passion grew more as the years went by. The next step that followed was an advanced nursing degree. Graduate Education My interviewee obtained her Master’s in Informatics at the University of Phoenix in 2013. Transitioning into the Master’s program was seamless since this school was where she obtained her BSN. The online route was most efficient and that is the route she pursued. The University of Phoenix Master of Science in nursing degree program is accredited by the Commission of Collegiate Nursing Education (University of Phoenix, 2014). The goal of this program is to equip nurses to function in leadership roles in a variety of settings. Additionally, nursing theories and evidence-based practices are fundamental guidelines in this program that will help shape the future of nursing thus impacting the health care system (University of Phoenix, 2014). More specifically, the informatics program afford students to gain knowledge in data management and information technology in regard to the health care setting (University of Phoenix, 2014). According to my interviewee, the Master’ s graduate program as compared to the undergraduate program was more challenging but yet rewarding. This was attributed to the fact that she had a strong passion for informatics and wanted to obtain a higher level of education. Present Position As a Nurse Informaticist, the interviewee felt that she has been able to bridge the gap between Information Services and Nursing. One of the primary responsibilities of an Informatics nurse is ensuring the electronic health record is easy to use and provides relevant information. Workflow analysis, assessment of current and future technological needs are additional responsibilities. Pearls of Wisdom When pursuing advancing one’s educational level, time spent researching and interviewing can prove beneficial. Furthermore, one has to be prepared mentally, physically, and often times financially. Planning and organizing will minimize, if not eliminate barriers. I was impressed with the interviewee’s drive toward ongoing learning. Determination speaks for a nurse beginning at the ADN level, advancing to a BSN and ultimately obtaining a MSN. Conclusion Health care as we know is transforming and the health care workforce has been taxed with equipping themselves thus aligning with the transformation. Information technology is ever increasing and is impacting the way health care is delivered (Cipriano and Murphy, 2011). Pursuing a master’s degree in nursing is a step in the right direction. One key competency that was identified in this interview and consistent with AACN is lifelong learning. My personal gain from this interview is using determination and passion to help guide one’s career path. References American Association College of Nursing. (n.d.). Master’s Education for Advanced Practice Nursing. Retrieved from American Association of Colleges of Nursing: http://www.aacn.nche.edu/education-resources/MasEssentials96.pdfCipriano, P.F., & Murphy, J. (2011). Nursing Informatics, The Future of Nursing and Health IT: The Quality Elixir. Nursing Economics, 29(5), 286-282 University of Phoenix. (2014). Master’s Science Nursing Informatics. Retrieved from University of Phoenix: http://www.phoenix.edu/programs/degree-programs/nursing-and-health-care/masters/msn-inf.html

Araling Panlipunan Essay

1.How does the Bible view the family? Just like how God created people in his own image and likeness, He also wants us to have a family that is similar to the holy family. The bible says that each member of the family has a role. The father, as the head of the family, should stand strong for his family. The mother on the other hand, acts as the guide. Not only has God asked them to imitate the holy family to provide proper parentage, but He has also placed big responsibilities upon their shoulders. The children’s role is to do their best to respect their parents for it is stated in the fourth commandant to â€Å"Honor thy father and thy mother†. 2.Give 5 examples of factors that attack the family. Explain. a.Disparity of religion – Parents of the children may have different religions and this may affect their faith and their worshipping. They will have a problem raising their children in one belief. b.Cultural differences – The traditions may affect the family because one person might be doing something out of tradition that is not proper for the other’s culture. c.Instability of marriage – The instability of the marriage of parents can affect the family greatly, because from this, the family might result to becoming a broken family. d.Domestic abuse – Abusing a member of the family may cause them to have strained familial relationship. It will be hard to trust one another after the abuse, and trust is very important because it’s one of the foundations of a strong relationship. e.Infidelity – Parents fight over little things, but infidelity is a different story. This may cause not only problems within the family but outside things may al so be affected, like the studies of the children and the emotional, mental and physical health of each family member. 3.What is the stand of the church against RH Bill? The church is against the RH Bill because they see it as an anti-life bill. They believe that overpopulation, which the government says is the main cause of poverty, is not the real reason but corruption. 4.What is your stand against the RH Bill? I believe that the RH Bill must be imposed. I don’t think that the RH Bill promotes anti-life. It is merely for protection of the population growth. Population growth may not be the cause of poverty but it is surely killing the Philippines. Our country, especially in Metro Manila, cannot hold more people. If the RH Bill is rejected, the Filipinos, being innovative, will try and find ways to look for alternatives for contraception. They might also start illegally producing contraception which will earn Filipinos more criminals which is the last thing the society needs right now. 5.How does the state protect the family? The state does not promote divorce in the country. It is illegal for couples to separate except for some circumstances which can be considered. The state also does not approve of abortion. This can save many lives. The state also has programs which are against child abuse, sexual harassment and other things that help protect the right of a human being. With these, we can trust that the relationship of every Filipino family is safer.